User-Centered Design of Co-design Experience Based on X-Reality and Virtual Simulation

The growing importance of the human-centric perspective, emphasized by the transition to Industry 5.0, and the diffusion of the mass customization paradigm increase the need for methods and tools to support the user-centered design (UCD) and prototyping process. Key enabling technologies (KETs) of Industry 4.0 are a valid support for the pursuit of this goal. X-Reality can assist in analyzing customer needs and translating them into technical specifications by involving the customer in the design review through an immersive user experience. However, X-Reality design often lacks a human-centered approach. The proposed work aims at addressing this by using virtual simulation for the UCD of the X-Reality experience, ensuring it is immersive, safe, ergonomic, and comfortable for the user. A case study of an Italian company that produces sporting rifles, for whom developing high perceived value products is crucial, is used to demonstrate this approach. A dedicated area of the company plant was designed to host two types of X-Reality experiences to test the prototype's functionality and aesthetics with customers. They consist of a mixed reality application, which involves the use of a head-mounted display and haptic gloves, and an augmented reality application provided by a projection system.