Assurance and Conflict Detection in Intent-Based Networking: A Comprehensive Survey and Insights on Standards and Open-Source Tools

Intent-Based Networking (IBN) enables operators to specify high-level outcomes while the system translates these intents into concrete policies and configurations. As IBN deployments grow in scale, heterogeneity and dynamicity, ensuring continuous alignment between network behavior and user objectives becomes both essential and increasingly difficult. This paper provides a technical survey of assurance and conflict detection techniques in IBN, with the goal of improving reliability, robustness, and policy compliance. We first position our survey with respect to existing work. We then review current assurance mechanisms, including the use of AI, machine learning, and real-time monitoring for validating intent fulfillment. We also examine conflict detection methods across the intent lifecycle, from capture to implementation. In addition, we outline relevant standardization efforts and open-source tools that support IBN adoption. Finally, we discuss key challenges, such as AI/ML integration, generalization, and scalability, and present a roadmap for future research aimed at strengthening robustness of IBN frameworks.