Integrating AI and ESG in digital platforms: New profiles of platform-based business models

The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into digital platforms is transforming the way businesses tackle environmental, social and governance (ESG) issues. This study investigates how AI can enable platform business models (Platform BMs) to create, deliver and capture ESG-related value, with a particular focus on the ESG rating industry. Using the Platform Business Model Canvas as a conceptual framework, and conducting a comparative analysis of six case studies, the research identifies three distinct configurations of AI-enabled Platform BMs: (1) ESG data wrangling and integration; (2) financial analysis and provision of ESG data to investors and companies; and (3) compliance and management of ESG issues in supply chains. Each configu- ration embeds specific mechanisms, such as predictive analytics, compliance automation and stakeholder coordination, through which AI can support ESG-oriented business innovation. Based on these findings, the study proposes four theoretical propositions that clarify the relationships between AI capabilities, data governance, and ESG value creation within platform ecosystems. The paper advances the academic understanding of the relationship between AI and sustainability and provides a typology to inform the strategic development of ESG-focused digital platforms.