TrackOne: Smart Logistics for a Sustainable and Interoperable Agricultural Supply Chain in the Era of Digitization

This paper introduces TrackOne, a low-cost, GDPRcompliant logistics architecture for agricultural supply chains. By integrating IoT, Hyperledger Fabric blockchain, and GS1 EPCIS 2.0 standards, it enables real-time traceability and automated anomaly detection. Unlike enterprise solutions limited to RFID or temperature data, TrackOne fuses multimodal inputs, including ethylene, weight, and GPS, for predictive quality control and perishable goods management, reducing waste and extending shelf life. Aligned with EU goals such as the Physical Internet (PI) vision and circular economy practices, it supports data-driven decision-making and digital transition in agriculture. Validated with 127 smart containers over 179 days, TrackOne achieved 2.3 s traceability latency, over 1,200TPS throughput, and 93.4% anomaly detection accuracy, confirming its effectiveness for sustainable agri-food logistics.