Methodological concerns about the use of visual sources in the social history of education prompt a re-evaluation of Ariès’ claim regarding the sentiment of childhood in the Late Middle Ages and Early Modernity. The analysis of late 15th-century German and French illustrations reveals that newborns were cared for with affection, attending to both their health and moral needs. This study questions the extent of such sentiment: did it extend beyond the household to involve society as a whole? After reframing Ariès’ thesis through visual sources drawn on Early Modern French and German illustrations, the paper answers this by examining organized care for abandoned infants in 15th-century Tuscany, a region that pioneered the institutionalization of children surrendered by their families. The collective nature of this childcare is explored through linguistic shifts, the transition from outsourced nursing to residential wet nursing, and the ongoing struggle against poor sanitary conditions. Finally, visual analysis of frescoes from Siena’s Santa Maria della Scala hospital uncovers key insights: (i) care for abandoned children integrated moral, spiritual, and logistical concerns; (ii) advanced educational practices, including literacy, were present; and (iii) gendered divisions of labour and specialized staff played a crucial role. These findings suggest that institutionalized childcare operated as a Foucauldian dispositif, shaped by urbanization and the need for record-keeping, challenging the claim of some Ariès’ interpreters that medieval society was indifferent to childhood.
Le questioni metodologiche relative all’uso delle fonti visive nella storia sociale dell’educazione invitano a una rivalutazione dell’affermazione di Ariès riguardo al sentimento dell’infanzia nel tardo Medioevo e nella prima età moderna. L’analisi delle illustrazioni tedesche e francesi della fine del XV secolo rivela che i neonati erano accuditi con affetto, prestando attenzione sia ai loro bisogni sanitari che morali. Questo studio si interroga sull’estensione di tale sentimento: si limitava al contesto familiare o coinvolgeva l’intera società? Dopo aver riformulato la tesi di Ariès attraverso le fonti visive tratte da illustrazioni francesi e tedesche della prima età moderna, l’articolo risponde a questa domanda esaminando le pratiche di cura organizzata per gli infanti abbandonati nella Toscana del XV secolo, una regione caratterizzata da pionierismo nell’istituzionalizzazione dei bambini lasciati dalle loro famiglie. La dimensione collettiva di questa cura è esplorata attraverso i cambiamenti linguistici, la transizione dall’allattamento esternalizzato a quello residenziale e la continua lotta contro le scarse condizioni igienico-sanitarie. Infine, l’analisi visiva degli affreschi dell’ospedale di Santa Maria della Scala a Siena rivela importanti intuizioni: (i) la cura dei bambini abbandonati integrava preoccupazioni morali, spirituali e logistiche; (ii) erano presenti pratiche educative avanzate, inclusa l’alfabetizzazione; e (iii) divisioni di lavoro di genere e personale specializzato svolgevano un ruolo cruciale. Questi risultati suggeriscono che la cura istituzionalizzata dei bambini operava come un dispositivo foucaultiano, plasmato dall’urbanizzazione e dalla necessità di tenere registri, sfidando l’affermazione di alcuni interpreti di Ariès secondo cui la società medievale fosse indifferente all’infanzia.
The Gettatelli: Educational Dimensions of Institutionalized Care for Abandoned Newborns in Renaissance Tuscan Hospitals
MARCELLI AM
2024-01-01
Abstract
Methodological concerns about the use of visual sources in the social history of education prompt a re-evaluation of Ariès’ claim regarding the sentiment of childhood in the Late Middle Ages and Early Modernity. The analysis of late 15th-century German and French illustrations reveals that newborns were cared for with affection, attending to both their health and moral needs. This study questions the extent of such sentiment: did it extend beyond the household to involve society as a whole? After reframing Ariès’ thesis through visual sources drawn on Early Modern French and German illustrations, the paper answers this by examining organized care for abandoned infants in 15th-century Tuscany, a region that pioneered the institutionalization of children surrendered by their families. The collective nature of this childcare is explored through linguistic shifts, the transition from outsourced nursing to residential wet nursing, and the ongoing struggle against poor sanitary conditions. Finally, visual analysis of frescoes from Siena’s Santa Maria della Scala hospital uncovers key insights: (i) care for abandoned children integrated moral, spiritual, and logistical concerns; (ii) advanced educational practices, including literacy, were present; and (iii) gendered divisions of labour and specialized staff played a crucial role. These findings suggest that institutionalized childcare operated as a Foucauldian dispositif, shaped by urbanization and the need for record-keeping, challenging the claim of some Ariès’ interpreters that medieval society was indifferent to childhood.I documenti in IRIS sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.